California Hazelnut
If you have a shade garden, as I do, the California hazelnut (Corylus cornuta var. Californica) is a natural resident. It is widespread in woodland, particularly in moist or shaded canyons. It can be found along trails in Tomales Bay State Park and in the National Seashore. If you hike this time of year, you may be rewarded with a crop of nuts unless the squirrels have beaten you to them. The name, Corylus, comes from the Greek ‘coys’, meaning helmet, which refers to the sheath around the nut. The hazelnut is in the birch family (betulaceae); its only other member in West Marin is the alder. It is interesting to notice the similarities between them – from the shape of the leaf to the late winter catkins.
The hazelnut is an attractive addition to the woodland garden. It is a large (12′ – 15′), spreading, deciduous shrub with graceful, arching branches. In late winter the catkins appear. Each plant has separate male and female flowers but it is the males that are most conspicuous as they develop into long, golden tassels, followed by the unfurling of soft, velvety leaves. In late summer or early fall, the nuts ripen, much appreciated by squirrels and birds.
The California hazelnut is an adaptable garden plant. It is drought resistant once established but unlike many native plants, it will accept year-round water. It is a plant that will fend for itself, needing only pruning to keep it looking attractive. Some natural companions are sword ferns, bush monkey flower and Douglas irises.